Photoreceptors can be divided into two main categories according to their shape, namely rods and cones. The photoreceptors in the retinas of nocturnal animals (such as mice) are dominated by rods, while those of diurnal animals (such as chickens, squirrels, etc.) are dominated by cones. But most vertebrates (including humans) have both. Rods are active in low light and have high light sensitivity, but they cannot make fine spatial resolution and do not participate in color perception.
In brighter environments, cones dominate, providing color vision and fine vision. This is the heart of the binary theory of vision. In the human retina, there are about 6 to 8 million cone cells, and the total number of rod cells is more than 100 million. They appear to be distributed in the retina in a Mosaic form; Its distribution is uneven, and in the fovea area of the macula, there are almost only cones. This area has high spatial resolution (visual acuity, also known as vision). It also has good color vision, which is most important for vision.
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